{"product_id":"9781420076165","title":"PRE-ORDER NOW Causal Inference : What If by Miguel A. Hernan","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e PRE-ORDER NOW - Published: 31\/10\/2026 \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eCausal inference is a complex scientific task that relies on evidence from multiple sources and a variety of methodological approaches. By providing a cohesive presentation of concepts and methods that are currently scattered across journals in several disciplines, Causal Inference: What If provides an introduction to causal inference for scientists who design studies and analyze data. The book is divided into three parts of increasing difficulty: causal inference without models, causal inference with models, and causal inference from complex longitudinal data.   FEATURES:  Emphasizes taking the causal question seriously enough to articulate it with sufficient precision  Shows that causal inference from observational data relies on subject-matter knowledge and therefore cannot be reduced to a collection of recipes for data analysis  Describes causal diagrams, both directed acyclic graphs and single-world intervention graphs  Explains various data analysis approaches to estimate causal effects from individual-level data, including the g-formula, inverse probability weighting, g-estimation, instrumental variable estimation, outcome regression, and propensity score adjustment  Includes software and real data examples, as well as `Fine Points' and `Technical Points' throughout to elaborate on certain key topicsCausal Inference: What If has been written for all scientists that make causal inferences, including epidemiologists, statisticians, psychologists, economists, sociologists, political scientists, computer scientists, and more. The book is substantially class-tested, as it has been used in dozens of universities to teach courses on causal inference at graduate and advanced undergraduate level. \u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003eBinding: Hardback","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56368847126901,"sku":"9781420076165","price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9781420076165.jpg?v=1763551094","url":"https:\/\/backstory.london\/products\/9781420076165","provider":"Backstory","version":"1.0","type":"link"}