{"title":"Springer Verlag, Japan","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"9784431551225","title":"Stochastic Control Theory","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis book offers a systematic introduction to the optimal stochastic control theory via the dynamic programming principle, which is a powerful tool to analyze control problems.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFirst we consider completely observable control problems with finite horizons. Using a time discretization we construct a nonlinear semigroup related to the dynamic programming principle (DPP), whose generator provides the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, and we characterize the value function via the nonlinear semigroup, besides the viscosity solution theory. When we control not only the dynamics of a system but also the terminal time of its evolution, control-stopping problems arise. This problem is treated in the same frameworks, via the nonlinear semigroup. Its results are applicable to the American option price problem.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eZero-sum two-player time-homogeneous stochastic differential games and viscosity solutions of the Isaacs equations arising from such games are studied via a nonlinear semigroup related to DPP (the min-max principle, to be precise). Using semi-discretization arguments, we construct the nonlinear semigroups whose generators provide lower and upper Isaacs equations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcerning partially observable control problems, we refer to stochastic parabolic equations driven by colored Wiener noises, in particular, the Zakai equation. The existence and uniqueness of solutions and regularities as well as Itô's formula are stated. A control problem for the Zakai equations has a nonlinear semigroup whose generator provides the HJB equation on a Banach space. The value function turns out to be a unique viscosity solution for the HJB equation under mild conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis edition provides a more generalized treatment of the topic than does the earlier book \u003ci\u003eLectures on Stochastic Control Theory\u003c\/i\u003e (ISI Lecture Notes 9), where time-homogeneous cases are dealt with. Here, for finite time-horizon control problems, DPP was formulated as a one-parameter nonlinear semigroup, whose generator provides the HJB equation, by using a time-discretization method. The semigroup corresponds to the value function and is characterized as the envelope of Markovian transition semigroups of responses for constant control processes. Besides finite time-horizon controls, the book discusses control-stopping problems in the same frameworks.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56310939648373,"sku":"9784431551225","price":109.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431551225_4360c075-4e10-4e60-b3fa-60e7396504c4.jpg?v=1786031471"},{"product_id":"9784431684817","title":"Signal Transduction in Affective Disorders","description":"Recent progress in brain science has been remarkable, especially with regard to advances in the area of neuroscience. Particularly in the past decade, there have been many important discoveries about signal\n                            transduction in the brain. With this background, biological research in affective disorders has become well developed in relation to neural signaling. However, this field is fairly hard to understand comprehensively, and there\n                            is relatively little integrative work with clinical psychiatry in spite of the involvement of a wide variety of scien­ tific disciplines. This monograph brings together up-to-date reviews from several young Japanese scientists\n                            who work in basic and clinical neuroscience. The intention is to explain in plain language the information that has evolved on signal transduction in terms of the biological abnormalities and mechanisms of anti­ depressants.\n                            The model shown on the cover (and on page 24) is intended to help the reader understand signal transduction in the brain and the patho­ physiology of affective disorders as well as the mechanisms of antidepressants.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56313307595125,"sku":"9784431684817","price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431684817_643c491a-e243-4615-bf76-c7c44a111d2a.jpg?v=1794540898"},{"product_id":"9784431550624","title":"What Annually Laminated Sediments Reveal About the History of Environment and Civilization","description":"This monograph presents a proposal for interdisciplinary and international research that uses varve as an essential tool. The discovery and subsequent palaeoenvironmental studies of the annually laminated sediments of Lake Suigetsu (Japan) revealed the directionality of a new discipline in the traditional field of historical science. The historical evidence of environmental changes and natural disasters provided by annually laminated sediments promote an integration of human and natural histories on a common time scale. To explore the impact of climatic changes and natural disasters on civilized society in the present and past, we simply open this door and enter a new phase in world history. The high resolution data about environmental history like climate, sea level, vegetation changes and natural disasters under the most reliable varve chronology will be discussed in relation to the development of human history and the rise and fall of civilizations. The book shows the direction of anew world history and new cosmology of the future civilization in relation to the environmental changes.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56369526473077,"sku":"9784431550624","price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431550624_5b6e0eff-f2f3-4d56-8de0-028b1dff7920.jpg?v=1786035170"},{"product_id":"advances-in-mathematical-economics-volume-19","title":"Advances in Mathematical Economics Volume 19","description":"The series is designed to bring together those mathematicians who are seriously interested in getting new challenging stimuli from economic theories with those economists who are seeking effective mathematical tools for their research. A lot of economic problems can be formulated as constrained optimizations and equilibration of their solutions. Various mathematical theories have been supplying economists with indispensable machineries for these problems arising in economic theory. Conversely, mathematicians have been stimulated by various mathematical difficulties raised by economic theories.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57492347224437,"sku":"9784431554882","price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431554882.jpg?v=1786529183"},{"product_id":"hepatitis-c-virus-i","title":"Hepatitis C Virus I","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis volume is composed of chapters that review important fundamental aspects of HCV biology and disease pathogenesis including, for example, the discovery and identification of the HCV genome, early virus-cell interactions including identification of various cellular receptors, HCV gene expression studied using the HCV replicon system, identification and characterization of HCV structural- and non-structural HCV proteins, HCV replication in cultured cells, and host factors involved in viral replication. This volume also contains chapters dealing with immunity to HCV infection and pathogenesis. This is particularly important in understanding hepatitis C because HCV infection alone is not cell lytic. Mechanisms underlying the persistent nature of HCV infection are also discussed in these chapters. Many of the authors published articles that were listed among the “top 10 papers” published in the 24 years since HCV was discovered in 1989. Their citations are above 1,000 (Web of Science). The authors describe the background and significance of their contributions to the field in the context of findings from other research groups.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57492347781493,"sku":"9784431567752","price":159.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431567752.jpg?v=1786529184"},{"product_id":"veins","title":"Veins","description":"The 8th International Congress of Biorheology was held at the Pacifico Yokohama, Japan, a brand new, versatile convention center for international meetings, from August 3 through 8, 1992. There were many plenary\n                            lectures and symposia, one of which was entitled \"Mechanics of the Venous System.\" It was at this symposium that we, the editors of this monograph, each presented papers. We then moved to Gifu, Japan, for the Gifu Workshop on\n                            Veins and Vascular Capacitance. This was held on August 9, 1992, with the Second Department of Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, serving as the host. Nine papers were presented in the oral sessions and there were\n                            five poster presentations. This monograph, which is intended to provide a bird's­ eye view of recent trends in studies of the venous system, is an outgrowth of the Gifu Workshop. While it is not exactly the Proceedings ofthat\n                            workshop, materials in the monograph were developed from ideas presented there.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57492349321589,"sku":"9784431683872","price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431683872.jpg?v=1786529185"},{"product_id":"long-term-care-for-frail-older-people","title":"Long-Term Care for Frail Older People","description":"The aging of society is a growing concern in all advanced nations, and at the forefront of concern is long-term care for frail older people. Enactment of a new public long-term care insurance program by the Japanese\n                            government in 1997 provided an excellent opportunity for a conference focusing on an ideal long-term care system for frail older people. The conference was organized around four major themes: Social aspects, including family\n                            dynamics and the role of formal providers; Clinical aspects, including effective treatments for physical and mental disabilities; Macroeconomic and macropolitical settings for public policy; Program design and management\n                            issues. With contributions from the fields of medicine, nursing, social work, gerontology, political science, economics, and sociology, this volume provides an overview of key problems and possible solutions in programs for\n                            frail older people from a unique international perspective.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57492349813109,"sku":"9784431685050","price":44.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431685050.jpg?v=1786529187"},{"product_id":"treatment-of-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia","title":"Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","description":"Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related, nonmalignant condition that may lead to bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. The standard treatment of BPH has been ordinary loop transurethral prostatectomy, but new therapies have been developed as a combined result of research, technological advances, and the cumulative experience of urological surgeons. Among the most promising therapeutic alternatives to ordinary loop resection are those that deliver topical or interstitial heat to prostatic tissue. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy, visual laser ablation with the Nd:YAG laser, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and transurethral electrovaporization are some of the techniques described in this book. These innovative procedures, employed by skilled urologists using state-of-the-art instruments, hold forth the promise of improved quality of life for BPH patients and represent significant advances in the field of urology.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57492350599541,"sku":"9784431702849","price":89.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431702849.jpg?v=1786529187"},{"product_id":"social-systems-in-the-global-age","title":"Social Systems in the Global Age","description":"This book formulates an evolutionary and pluralistic view of social systems in the global age, especially with reference to Niklas Luhmann's theory of social systems. Several paired concepts, such as national society\/world society, stratification\/functional differentiation, diffuse\/specific, universalistic\/particularistic, and inclusion\/exclusion, illustrate the transformation of social structure and its effects on the constructive principles of social systems and the definition of individual identity. Every functional subsystem has become more autonomous and the socio-cultural sources of individual identity have become more diversified than in the past. The book proposes the concept of the “intermediary unit” and discusses its significance and relevance in the social systems theory. In the background of this discussion, the reality is that there is no system of meaning and values that are valid in all areas of the world society that has emerged in the process of functional differentiation and globalization, nor can we design such a system theoretically. The significance of intermediary units is considered; the competition of intermediary units and meaning-value spaces in the actual social process is defined as the politics of meaning; and a new form of pluralism based on the concept of polycontexturality is proposed. These factors seem to make the whole world more and more complex, risky, uncertain, and nontransparent. The evolutionary and pluralistic design principles of social systems including various intermediary units improve our capacity to cope with future risks.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57510222758261,"sku":"9784431549246","price":90.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431549246.jpg?v=1787130559"},{"product_id":"community-currency","title":"Community Currency","description":"This is the first book to present a new approach of institutional design as an evolutionary applied policy based on coherent conceptualization and methodology, and to study the actuality and implications of diversifying real\/virtual community currencies. In contrast to a de facto standard theory, an institutional ecosystem can be composed of various institutions that continue to coexist with changing relative frequencies. In this view, diversified monetary institutions with local rules are feasible and realistic. Community currencies are worldwide attempts to redress such problems as financial instability, chronic stagnation, and decline of communities caused by globalization of the economy. Considering those alternative movements as a new type of policy, “evolutionist institutional design”, this book clarifies the feasibility and significance of community currencies in the current era of globalization. The book also provides a better understanding than mainstream approaches of such platform institutions as money that determine fundamental means of cognition and action of interacting agents. Money is a symbolically generalized communication medium in the mesodomain that mediates between socioeconomic performance and patterns in the macrodomain and motives and cognitive frameworks in the microdomain. Conventional national systems of money and finance are platform institutions that determine basic replicators for a capitalistic market economy to evolve. In contrast, community currencies conveying both economic and social\/cultural values are distinct platform institutions that are expected to endogenously change such basic replicators in outer and inner institutions for agents to a noncapitalistic market economy. These currencies are considered target institutions for “media design” in the framework of evolutionist institutional design.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57510223577461,"sku":"9784431549499","price":90.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431549499.jpg?v=1787130560"},{"product_id":"systems-sciences-of-symbiosis","title":"Systems Sciences of Symbiosis","description":"Symbiosis originally means a close and often long-term interaction between two or more different biological species. This book presents symbiosis and related concepts such as cooperation, conflicts, and confrontations between two or more autonomous decision makers from a systems sciences perspective. Such autonomous decision makers can be called agents and include human beings, companies, and governments. Indeed, these agents are not able to exist in isolation, so that interactions and mutualistic relationships with others is absolutely essential for sustainable global development. \"System\" is generally defined as \"a set or arrangement of elements so related or connected as to form a unity or organic whole\", while systems sciences are concerned with the nature of interactions among the elements rather than that of the elements themselves. Hence it is methodologically sound and natural to apply systems scientific approaches to investigate symbiosis phenomena.  This book consists of twoparts. In Part I a wide range of research tools, from mathematical modeling and social simulation to conceptual systems modeling, are adopted to describe, explain, and analyze symbiosis, cooperation, conflicts, and confrontations between agents by identifying them as adaptive complex systems. These are called agent-based modeling approaches. In Part II there is a discussion of how to support autonomous agents with conflicting values and opinions by facilitating and accommodating them to realize symbiosis. The focus is on applied systems thinking in particular. The concept of the thinking is first introduced, then is classified into four types. Finally, meta-methodology is referred to for investigating how to choose a specific type for a specific problematic situation.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57510224462197,"sku":"9784431549826","price":90.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431549826.jpg?v=1787130562"},{"product_id":"cortical-development","title":"Cortical Development","description":"This book reviews recent progress in cortical development research, focusing on the mechanisms of neural stem cell regulation, neuronal diversity and connectivity formation, and neocortical organization. Development of the cerebral cortex, the center for higher brain functions such as cognition, memory, and decision making, is one of the major targets of current research. The cerebral cortex is divided into many areas, including motor, sensory, and visual cortices, each of which consists of six layers containing a variety of neurons with different activities and connections. As this book explains, such diversity in neuronal types and connections is generated at various levels. First, neural stem cells change their competency over time, giving sequential rise to distinct types of neurons and glial cells: initially deep layer neurons, then superficial layer neurons, and lastly astrocytes. The activities and connections of neurons are further modulated via interactions with other brain regions, such as the thalamocortical circuit, and via input from the environment. This book on cortical development is essential reading for students, postdocs, and neurobiologists.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57536466289013,"sku":"9784431544951","price":89.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431544951.jpg?v=1788186303"},{"product_id":"development-of-new-catalytic-performance-of-nanoporous-metals-for-organic-reactions","title":"Development of New Catalytic Performance of Nanoporous Metals for Organic Reactions","description":"In this thesis, the focus is on the study of new catalytic properties of unsupported nanoporous metals in heterogeneous organic reactions under liquid-phase conditions. The author was the first to fabricate nanoporous copper with tunable nanoporosity and apply it for organic reactions. The catalyst can be reused up to ten times without loss of catalytic activity. In addition, the author developed the highly selective semihydrogenation of alkynes using nanoporous gold as a catalyst for the first time, affording Z-alkenes in 100% selectivity, which cannot be realized by traditional catalysts. All of the results described here will help readers to develop new catalytic performance of nanoporous metals for organic reactions.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57536466485621,"sku":"9784431549307","price":89.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9784431549307.jpg?v=1788186303"}],"url":"https:\/\/backstory.london\/collections\/publisher-springer-verlag-japan.oembed","provider":"Backstory","version":"1.0","type":"link"}