{"title":"Books by Water Science and Technology Board","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"review-of-the-epas-economic-analysis-of-final-water-quality-standards-for-nutrients-for-lakes-and-flowing-waters-in-florida","title":"Review of the EPA's Economic Analysis of Final Water Quality Standards for Nutrients for Lakes and Flowing Waters in Florida","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Environmental Protection Agency's estimate of the costs associated with implementing numeric nutrient criteria in Florida's waterways was significantly lower than many stakeholders expected. This discrepancy was due, in part, to the fact that the Environmental Protection Agency's analysis considered only the incremental cost of reducing nutrients in waters it considered \"newly impaired\" as a result of the new criteria-not the total cost of improving water quality in Florida. The incremental approach is appropriate for this type of assessment, but the Environmental Protection Agency's cost analysis would have been more accurate if it better described the differences between the new numeric criteria rule and the narrative rule it would replace, and how the differences affect the costs of implementing nutrient reductions over time, instead of at a fixed time point. Such an analysis would have more accurately described which pollutant sources, for example municipal wastewater treatment plants or agricultural operations, would bear the costs over time under the different rules and would have better illuminated the uncertainties in making such cost estimates.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466575126901,"sku":"9780309254939","price":32.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309254939.jpg?v=1785654633"},{"product_id":"corps-of-engineers-water-resources-infrastructure","title":"Corps of Engineers Water Resources Infrastructure","description":"\u003cp\u003eOver the past century, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has built a vast network of water management infrastructure that includes approximately 700 dams, 14,000 miles of levees, 12,000 miles of river navigation channels and control structures, harbors and ports, and other facilities. Historically, the construction of new infrastructure dominated the Corps' water resources budget and activities. Today, national water needs and priorities increasingly are shifting to operations, maintenance, and rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, much of which has exceeded its design life.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, since the mid-1980s federal funding for new project construction and major rehabilitation has declined steadily. As a result, much of the Corps' water resources infrastructure is deteriorating and wearing out faster than it is being replaced. \u003cem\u003eCorps of Engineers Water Resources Infrastrucutre: Deterioration, Investment, or Divestment? \u003c\/em\u003eexplores the status of operations, maintenance, and rehabilitation of Corps water resources infrastructure, and identifies options for the Corps and the nation in setting maintenance and rehabilitation priorities.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466575847797,"sku":"9780309264761","price":30.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309264761.jpg?v=1785654634"},{"product_id":"alternatives-for-managing-the-nations-complex-contaminated-groundwater-sites","title":"Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites","description":"\u003cp\u003eAcross the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAlternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites\u003c\/em\u003e estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered \"complex,\" meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466588791157,"sku":"9780309278744","price":60.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309278744.jpg?v=1785654646"},{"product_id":"review-of-the-everglades-aquifer-storage-and-recovery-regional-study","title":"Review of the Everglades Aquifer Storage and Recovery Regional Study","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Florida Everglades is a large and diverse aquatic ecosystem that has been greatly altered over the past century by an extensive water control infrastructure designed to increase agricultural and urban economic productivity. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), launched in 2000, is a joint effort led by the state and federal government to reverse the decline of the ecosystem. Increasing water storage is a critical component of the restoration, and the CERP included projects that would drill over 330 aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) wells to store up to 1.65 billion gallons per day in porous and permeable units in the aquifer system during wet periods for recovery during seasonal or longer-term dry periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo address uncertainties regarding regional effects of large-scale ASR implementation in the Everglades, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the South Florida Water Management District conducted an 11-year ASR Regional Study, with focus on the hydrogeology of the Floridan aquifer system, water quality changes during aquifer storage, possible ecological risks posed by recovered water, and the regional capacity for ASR implementation. At the request of the USACE, \u003ci\u003eReview of the Everglades Aquifer Storage and Recovery Regional Study\u003c\/i\u003e reviews the ASR Regional Study Technical Data Report and assesses progress in reducing uncertainties related to full-scale CERP ASR implementation. This report considers the validity of the data collection and interpretation methods; integration of studies; evaluation of scaling from pilot-to regional-scale application of ASR; and the adequacy and reliability of the study as a basis for future applications of ASR.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466618904949,"sku":"9780309372091","price":32.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309372091.jpg?v=1785654676"},{"product_id":"seeing-into-the-earth","title":"Seeing into the Earth","description":"\u003cp\u003eJust below our feet is an environment that supports our infrastructure, yields water, provides for agriculture, and receives our waste. Our capacity to describe, or characterize, this environment is crucial to the solution of many resource, environmental, and engineering problems. And just as medical imaging technologies have reduced the need for exploratory surgeries, a variety of technologies hold the promise for rapid, relatively inexpensive noninvasive characterization of the Earth's subsurface.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSeeing into the Earth\u003c\/i\u003e examines why noninvasive characterization is important and how improved methods can be developed and disseminated. Looking at the issues from both the commercial and public perspectives, the volume makes recommendations for linking characterization and cost savings, closing the gap between the state of science and the state of the practice, and helping practitioners make the best use of the best methods. The book provides background on:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e    \u003cli\u003eThe role of noninvasive subsurface characterization in contaminant cleanup, resource management, civil engineering, and other areas.\u003c\/li\u003e    \u003cli\u003eThe physical, chemical, biological, and geological properties that are characterized.\u003c\/li\u003e    \u003cli\u003eMethods of characterization and prospects for technological improvement.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eCertain to be important for earth scientists and engineers alike, this book is also accessible to interested lay readers.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466696401269,"sku":"9780309063593","price":112.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309063593.jpg?v=1785654756"},{"product_id":"research-needs-in-subsurface-science","title":"Research Needs in Subsurface Science","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eResearch Needs in Subsurface Science\u003c\/i\u003e provides an overview of the subsurface contamination problems across the DOE complex and shows by examples from the six largest DOE sites (Hanford Site, Idaho Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Nevada Test Site, Oak Ridge Reservation, Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, and Savannah River Site) how advances in scientific and engineering knowledge can improve the effectiveness of the cleanup effort. This report analyzes the current Environmental Management (EM) Science Program portfolio of subsurface research projects to assess the extent to which the program is focused on DOE's contamination problems. This analysis employs an organizing scheme that provides a direct linkage between basic research in the EM Science Program and applied technology development in DOE's Subsurface Contaminants Focus Area.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eResearch Needs in Subsurface Science\u003c\/i\u003e also reviews related research programs in other DOE offices and other federal agencies (see Chapter 4) to determine the extent to which they are focused on DOE's subsurface contamination problems. On the basis of these analyses, this report singles out the highly significant subsurface contamination knowledge gaps and research needs that the EM Science Program must address if the DOE cleanup program is to succeed.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466704953717,"sku":"9780309066464","price":133.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309066464.jpg?v=1785654765"},{"product_id":"clean-coastal-waters","title":"Clean Coastal Waters","description":"\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eClean Coastal Waters\u003c\/i\u003e explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHighlighting the Gulf of Mexico's \"Dead Zone,\" the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466710065525,"sku":"9780309069489","price":128.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309069489.jpg?v=1785654770"},{"product_id":"compensating-for-wetland-losses-under-the-clean-water-act","title":"Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act","description":"Recognizing the importance of wetland protection, the Bush administration in 1988 endorsed the goal of \"no net loss\" of wetlands. Specifically, it directed that filling of wetlands should be avoided, and minimized when it cannot be avoided. When filling is permitted, compensatory mitigation must be undertaken; that is, wetlands must be restored, created, enhanced, and, in exceptional cases, preserved, to replace the permitted loss of wetland area and function, such as water quality improvement within the watershed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter more than a dozen years, the national commitment to \"no net loss\" of wetlands has been evaluated. This new book explores the adequacy of science and technology for replacing wetland function and the effectiveness of the federal program of compensatory mitigation in accomplishing the nation's goal of clean water. It examines the regulatory framework for permitting wetland filling and requiring mitigation, compares the mitigation institutions that are in use, and addresses the problems that agencies face in ensuring sustainability of mitigated wetlands over the long term. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGleaning lessons from the mixed results of mitigation efforts to date, the book offers 10 practical guidelines for establishing and monitoring mitigated wetlands. It also recommends that federal, state, and local agencies undertake specific institutional reforms. This book will be important to anyone seeking a comprehensive understanding of the \"no net loss\" issue: policy makers, regulators, environmental scientists, educators, and wetland advocates.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466718257525,"sku":"9780309074322","price":71.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309074322.jpg?v=1785654779"},{"product_id":"drought-management-and-its-impact-on-public-water-systems","title":"Drought Management and Its Impact on Public Water Systems","description":"\u003cp\u003eBased on a colloquium sponsored by the Water Science and Technology Board, this book addresses the need for research toward the problems of water management during drought episodes. It covers such topics as the causes and occurrence of drought, drought management options, acceptable risks for public systems, and legal and institutional aspects of drought management.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466730021237,"sku":"9780309078375","price":148.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309078375.jpg?v=1785654790"},{"product_id":"riparian-areas","title":"Riparian Areas","description":"The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areas—the lands bordering rivers and lakes—even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in \u003ci\u003eRiparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management\u003c\/i\u003e. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466737885557,"sku":"9780309082952","price":71.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309082952.jpg?v=1785654798"},{"product_id":"the-missouri-river-ecosystem","title":"The Missouri River Ecosystem","description":"\u003ci\u003eThe Missouri River Ecosystem: Exploring the Prospects for Recovery\u003c\/i\u003e resulted from a study conducted at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The nation's longest river, the Missouri River and its floodplain ecosystem experienced substantial environmental and hydrologic changes during the twentieth century. The context of Missouri River dam and reservoir system management is marked by sharp differences between stakeholders regarding the river's proper management regime. The management agencies have been challenged to determine the appropriate balance between these competing interests. This Water Science and Technology Board report reviews the ecological state of the river and floodplain ecosystem, scientific research of the ecosystem, and the prospects for implementing an adaptive management approach, all with a view toward helping move beyond ongoing scientific and other differences. The report notes that continued ecological degradation of the ecosystem is certain unless some portion of pre-settlement river flows and processes were restored. The report also includes recommendations to enhance scientific knowledge through carefully planned and monitored river management actions and the enactment of a Missouri River Protection and Recovery Act.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466739130741,"sku":"9780309083140","price":71.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309083140.jpg?v=1785654800"},{"product_id":"a-review-of-the-epa-water-security-research-and-technical-support-action-plan","title":"A Review of the EPA Water Security Research and Technical Support Action Plan","description":"The report examines a draft plan, prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency, that identifies critical security issues for drinking water and wastewater and outlines related research and technical support needs. This report recommends increased attention to interagency coordination and encourages additional consideration of current restrictions on secure information dissemination. It further suggests that EPA incorporate the results of their research activities into an integrated water security guidance document to improve support for water and wastewater utilities.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466754892149,"sku":"9780309089821","price":65.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309089821.jpg?v=1785654816"},{"product_id":"assessing-the-national-streamflow-information-program","title":"Assessing the National Streamflow Information Program","description":"From warning the public of impending floods to settling legal arguments over water rights, the measurement of streamflow (\"streamgaging\") plays a vital role in our society. Having good information about how much water is moving through our streams helps provide citizens with drinking water during droughts, control water pollution, and protect wildlife along our stream corridors. The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) streamgaging program provides such information to a wide variety of users interested in human safety, recreation, water quality, habitat, industry, agriculture, and other topics. For regional and national scale streamflow information needs, the USGS has created a National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP). \u003cp\u003eIn addition to streamgaging, the USGS envisions intensive data collection during floods and droughts, national assessments of streamflow characteristics, enhanced information delivery, and methods development and research. The overall goals of the program are to: meet legal and treaty obligations on interstate and international waters, support flow forecasting; measure river basin outflows, monitor sentinel watersheds for long-term trends in natural flows, and measure flows for water quality needs. But are these the right topics to collect data on? Or is the USGS on the wrong track?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn general, the book is supportive of the design and content of NSIP, including its goals and methodology for choosing stream gages for inclusion in the program. It sees the ultimate goal of NSIP as developing the ability to use existing data-gathering sites to generate streamflow information with quantitative confidence limits at any location in the nation. It is just as important to have good measurements during droughts as during floods, and it therefore recommends supporting Natural Resource Conservation Service forecast sites in addition to those of the National Weather Service.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466764165493,"sku":"9780309092104","price":55.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309092104.jpg?v=1785654825"},{"product_id":"review-of-the-lake-ontario-st-lawrence-river-studies","title":"Review of the Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Studies","description":"Since the 1950s,the International Joint Commission (IJC) of Canada and the United States has issued water regulation and management plans for Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. Changes in recreational, environmental, navigational and other uses of the water system have prompted the IJC to consider replacing the current water regulation plan in operation for more than 40 years. IJC's goals for a replacement plan include sound scientific foundations, public participation, transparency in plan development and evaluation, and inclusion of environmental considerations. To help develop and select the new plan, the IJC supported a 5-year, $20 million Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Study (LOSLR Study). The LOSLR Study uses models to compile and integrate data gathered from a series of commissioned studies of wetlands, species at risk, recreational boating, fisheries, coastal erosion and flooding, commercial navigation, hydropower, industrial, municipal and domestic water intakes, public information and education, and hydrologic modeling.\u003cp\u003eThis report reviews a portion of the study that focused on wetlands and species at risk and three of the models that were used. The report finds that the overall breadth of the LOSLR study is impressive, and commends the scale and inclusiveness of the studies and models. In terms of informing decision making, however, the reviewed studies and models show deficiencies when evaluated against ten evaluation criteria, including treatment of uncertainty, quality control\/quality assurance, thorough documentation, and empirical foundations. Among the report's recommendations is a need for more thorough documentation of study methods and findings, stronger and more consistent quality control, and more attention to how uncertainty should be addressed to better inform decision making. This NRC study was conducted in collaboration with the Royal Society of Canada.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466783302005,"sku":"9780309100687","price":59.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309100687.jpg?v=1785654844"},{"product_id":"drinking-water-distribution-systems","title":"Drinking Water Distribution Systems","description":"Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems—consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances—carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466793427317,"sku":"9780309103060","price":90.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309103060.jpg?v=1785654856"},{"product_id":"integrating-multiscale-observations-of-u-s-waters","title":"Integrating Multiscale Observations of U.S. Waters","description":"Water is essential to life for humans and their food crops, and for ecosystems. Effective water management requires tracking the inflow, outflow, quantity and quality of ground-water and surface water, much like balancing a bank account. Currently, networks of ground-based instruments measure these in individual locations, while airborne and satellite sensors measure them over larger areas. Recent technological innovations offer unprecedented possibilities to integrate space, air, and land observations to advance water science and guide management decisions. This book concludes that in order to realize the potential of integrated data, agencies, universities, and the private sector must work together to develop new kinds of sensors, test them in field studies, and help users to apply this information to real problems.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466810007925,"sku":"9780309114578","price":67.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309114578.jpg?v=1785654876"},{"product_id":"reducing-coastal-risk-on-the-east-and-gulf-coasts","title":"Reducing Coastal Risk on the East and Gulf Coasts","description":"\u003cp\u003eHurricane- and coastal-storm-related losses have increased substantially during the past century, largely due to increases in population and development in the most susceptible coastal areas. Climate change poses additional threats to coastal communities from sea level rise and possible increases in strength of the largest hurricanes. Several large cities in the United States have extensive assets at risk to coastal storms, along with countless smaller cities and developed areas. The devastation from Superstorm Sandy has heightened the nation's awareness of these vulnerabilities. What can we do to better prepare for and respond to the increasing risks of loss?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReducing Coastal Risk on the East and Gulf Coasts\u003c\/i\u003e reviews the coastal risk-reduction strategies and levels of protection that have been used along the United States East and Gulf Coasts to reduce the impacts of coastal flooding associated with storm surges. This report evaluates their effectiveness in terms of economic return, protection of life safety, and minimization of environmental effects. According to this report, the vast majority of the funding for coastal risk-related issues is provided only after a disaster occurs. This report calls for the development of a national vision for coastal risk management that includes a long-term view, regional solutions, and recognition of the full array of economic, social, environmental, and life-safety benefits that come from risk reduction efforts. To support this vision, \u003ci\u003eReducing Coastal Risk\u003c\/i\u003e states that a national coastal risk assessment is needed to identify those areas with the greatest risks that are high priorities for risk reduction efforts. The report discusses the implications of expanding the extent and levels of coastal storm surge protection in terms of operation and maintenance costs and the availability of resources.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReducing Coastal Risk\u003c\/i\u003e recommends that benefit-cost analysis, constrained by acceptable risk criteria and other important environmental and social factors, be used as a framework for evaluating national investments in coastal risk reduction. The recommendations of this report will assist engineers, planners and policy makers at national, regional, state, and local levels to move from a nation that is primarily reactive to coastal disasters to one that invests wisely in coastal risk reduction and builds resilience among coastal communities.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57481659482485,"sku":"9780309305860","price":42.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309305860.jpg?v=1786089945"},{"product_id":"review-of-the-u-s-army-corps-of-engineers-restructured-upper-mississippi-illinois-river-waterway-feasibility-study","title":"Review of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Restructured Upper Mississippi-Illinois River Waterway Feasibility Study","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has a long history of managing navigation, floods, and other water-related issues on the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. A recent chapter in that history is the problem of waterway congestion at several locks on the lower portion of the Upper Mississippi River. The Corps has studied this problem and its possible solutions since the late 1980s, producing a draft feasibility study in 2000 and an interim report on a restructured feasibility study in 2002. A committee was convened to review and provide advice on the most recent phase of the Corps' analytical efforts.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57490104090997,"sku":"9780309091336","price":41.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309091336.jpg?v=1786441995"},{"product_id":"toward-a-new-advanced-hydrologic-prediction-service-ahps","title":"Toward a New Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Weather Service (NWS) is responsible for providing flood forecasts and warnings in the United States. The agency established the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Services (AHPS) program in 1997 to advance technology for hydrologic services, specifically to provide accurate forecasts that support timely warnings for all users of hydrologic predictions. AHPS strives to provide information at the right time to facilitate adequate responses to mitigate damages to life, livelihoods, and property. AHPS is slated to be fully implemented nationwide in 2013. With seven years still remaining in its development and implementation timeline, a review of the program now is critical to providing NWS with information it needs to maximize the effectiveness of the AHPS program. This report assesses AHPS in respect to hydrologic science and technology research, river routing and mechanics, \"systems\" engineering aspects, and implementation. Overall, this report finds AHPS to be an ambitious program that promises to provide services and products that are timely and necessary. The report calls for AHPS to develop a detailed and comprehensive, multi-year implementation plan and for the program's goals and budget to be brought into closer alignment.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57573168808309,"sku":"9780309101448","price":45.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309101448.jpg?v=1789395659"},{"product_id":"tying-flood-insurance-to-flood-risk-for-low-lying-structures-in-the-floodplain","title":"Tying Flood Insurance to Flood Risk for Low-Lying Structures in the Floodplain","description":"\u003cp\u003eFloods take a heavy toll on society, costing lives, damaging buildings and property, disrupting livelihoods, and sometimes necessitating federal disaster relief, which has risen to record levels in recent years. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was created in 1968 to reduce the flood risk to individuals and their reliance on federal disaster relief by making federal flood insurance available to residents and businesses if their community adopted floodplain management ordinances and minimum standards for new construction in flood prone areas. Insurance rates for structures built after a flood plain map was adopted by the community were intended to reflect the actual risk of flooding, taking into account the likelihood of inundation, the elevation of the structure, and the relationship of inundation to damage to the structure. Today, rates are subsidized for one-fifth of the NFIP's 5.5 million policies. Most of these structures are negatively elevated, that is, the elevation of the lowest floor is lower than the NFIP construction standard. Compared to structures built above the base flood elevation, negatively elevated structures are more likely to incur a loss because they are inundated more frequently, and the depths and durations of inundation are greater.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eTying Flood Insurance to Flood Risk for Low-Lying Structures in the Floodplain\u003c\/i\u003e studies the pricing of negatively elevated structures in the NFIP. This report review current NFIP methods for calculating risk-based premiums for these structures, including risk analysis, flood maps, and engineering data. The report then evaluates alternative approaches for calculating risk-based premiums and discusses engineering hydrologic and property assessment data needs to implement full risk-based premiums. The findings and conclusions of this report will help to improve the accuracy and precision of loss estimates for negatively elevated structures, which in turn will increase the credibility, fairness, and transparency of premiums for policyholders.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57573171724661,"sku":"9780309371667","price":33.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309371667.jpg?v=1789395681"}],"url":"https:\/\/backstory.london\/collections\/author-water-science-and-technology-board.oembed","provider":"Backstory","version":"1.0","type":"link"}