{"title":"Books by Board on Health Sciences Policy","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"9780309724630","title":"Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn 2023, the National Academies convened an expert committee to assess the current use of racial and ethnic categories in biomedical research, review existing guidance for researchers, and provide new guidance for future use. The resulting 2025 report, Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research, outlines nine actionable recommendations and associated resources for advancing the responsible use of race and ethnicity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recommendations of Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research address how to: decide whether to use race and ethnicity in different research contexts; characterize and disclose limitations of datasets that include racial and ethnic information; identify factors to investigate instead of or alongside race and ethnicity; include overlooked populations in analysis; and support sustained community engagement.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56232616427893,"sku":"9780309724630","price":27.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309724630_fddf3ed4-b00b-42d7-a097-5e8e19fffcfa.jpg?v=1786012691"},{"product_id":"diffusion-and-use-of-genomic-innovations-in-health-and-medicine","title":"Diffusion and Use of Genomic Innovations in Health and Medicine","description":"Until fairly recently, genetic information was used primarily in the diagnosis of relatively rare genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and Huntington's Disease, but a transformation in the use of genetic and genomic information is underway. While many predictions have been made that genomics will transform medicine, to date few of these promising discoveries have resulted in actual applications in medicine and health.\n\nThe Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health, established in 2007, held its first workshop to address the following questions:\n\n\n\n1.Are there different pathways by which new scientific findings move from the research setting into health care?\n\n2.If so, what are the implications of those different pathways for genomics?\n\n3.What can we learn from the translation of other new technologies as we seek to understand the translation of genome science into health care?\n\n\n\nInformation obtained from the workshop was then used to further discussion and exploration of the answers to these questions. This book summarizes speaker presentations and discussions. Any conclusions reported should not be construed as reflecting a group consensus; rather they are the statements and opinions of presenters and participants.","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466510934389,"sku":"9780309116763","price":50.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309116763.jpg?v=1785654569"},{"product_id":"military-medical-ethics","title":"Military Medical Ethics","description":"\u003cp\u003eDual loyalties exist in many medical fields, from occupational health to public health. Military health professionals, as all health professionals, are ethically responsible for their patients' well-being. In some situations, however, military health professionals can face unique ethical tensions between responsibilities to individual patients and responsibilities to military operations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis book summarizes the one-day workshop, Military Medical Ethics: Issues Regarding Dual Loyalties, which brought together academic, military, human rights, and health professionals to discuss these ethical challenges. The workshop examined two case studies: decisions regarding returning a servicemember to duty after a closed head injury, and decisions on actions by health professionals regarding a hunger strike by detainees. The workshop also addressed the need for improvements in medical ethics training and outlined steps for organizations to take in supporting better ethical awareness and use of ethical standards.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466518208885,"sku":"9780309126632","price":41.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309126632.jpg?v=1785654575"},{"product_id":"assessing-medical-preparedness-to-respond-to-a-terrorist-nuclear-event","title":"Assessing Medical Preparedness to Respond to a Terrorist Nuclear Event","description":"\u003cp\u003eA nuclear attack on a large U.S. city by terrorists—even with a low-yield improvised nuclear device (IND) of 10 kilotons or less—would cause a large number of deaths and severe injuries. The large number of injured from the detonation and radioactive fallout that would follow would be overwhelming for local emergency response and health care systems to rescue and treat, even assuming that these systems and their personnel were not themselves incapacitated by the event.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\nThe United States has been struggling for some time to address and plan for the threat of nuclear terrorism and other weapons of mass destruction that terrorists might obtain and use. The Department of Homeland Security recently contracted with the Institute of Medicine to hold a workshop, summarized in this volume, to assess medical preparedness for a nuclear detonation of up to 10 kilotons.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\nThis book provides a candid and sobering look at our current state of preparedness for an IND, and identifies several key areas in which we might begin to focus our national efforts in a way that will improve the overall level of preparedness.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466523976053,"sku":"9780309130882","price":63.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309130882.jpg?v=1785654582"},{"product_id":"guidance-for-establishing-crisis-standards-of-care-for-use-in-disaster-situations","title":"Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe influenza pandemic caused by the 2009 H1N1 virus underscores the immediate and critical need to prepare for a public health emergency in which thousands, tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of people suddenly seek and require medical care in communities across the United States.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003ci\u003eGuidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations\u003c\/i\u003e draws from a broad spectrum of expertise—including state and local public health, emergency medicine and response, primary care, nursing, palliative care, ethics, the law, behavioral health, and risk communication—to offer guidance toward establishing standards of care that should apply to disaster situations, both naturally occurring and man-made, under conditions in which resources are scarce.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\nThis book explores two case studies that illustrate the application of the guidance and principles laid out in the report. One scenario focuses on a gradual-onset pandemic flu. The other scenario focuses on an earthquake and the particular issues that would arise during a no-notice event.\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\nOutlining current concepts and offering guidance, this book will prove an asset to state and local public health officials, health care facilities, and professionals in the development of systematic and comprehensive policies and protocols for standards of care in disasters when resources are scarce. In addition, the extensive operations section of the book provides guidance to clinicians, health care institutions, and state and local public health officials for how crisis standards of care should be implemented in a disaster situation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466537574773,"sku":"9780309144308","price":51.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309144308.jpg?v=1785654595"},{"product_id":"cns-clinical-trials","title":"CNS Clinical Trials","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now requires that all clinical trials for drugs that affect the central nervous system—including psychiatric drugs—are assessed for whether that drug might cause suicidal ideation or behavior. The Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a meeting on June 26, 2009, to discuss the FDA's new policy and how to analyze best whether suicidal thoughts predict actual suicidal behavior in the near future.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466540097909,"sku":"9780309148832","price":35.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309148832.jpg?v=1785654598"},{"product_id":"strengthening-a-workforce-for-innovative-regulatory-science-in-therapeutics-development","title":"Strengthening a Workforce for Innovative Regulatory Science in Therapeutics Development","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe development and application of regulatory science - which FDA has defined as the science of developing new tools, standards, and approaches to assess the safety, efficacy, quality, and performance of FDA-regulated products - calls for a well-trained, scientifically engaged, and motivated workforce. FDA faces challenges in retaining regulatory scientists and providing them with opportunities for professional development. In the private sector, advancement of innovative regulatory science in drug development has not always been clearly defined, well coordinated, or connected to the needs of the agency. As a follow-up to a 2010 workshop, the IOM held a workshop on September 20-21, 2011, to provide a format for establishing a specific agenda to implement the vision and principles relating to a regulatory science workforce and disciplinary infrastructure as discussed in the 2010 workshop.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466570080629,"sku":"9780309222143","price":24.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309222143.jpg?v=1785654628"},{"product_id":"international-animal-research-regulations","title":"International Animal Research Regulations","description":"\u003cp\u003eAnimals are widely used in neuroscience research to explore biological mechanisms of nervous system function, to identify the genetic basis of disease states, and to provide models of human disorders and diseases for the development of new treatments. To ensure the humane care and use of animals, numerous laws, policies, and regulations are in place governing the use of animals in research, and certain animal regulations have implications specific to neuroscience research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo consider animal research regulations from a global perspective, the IOM Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in collaboration with the National Research Council and the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, held a workshop in Buckinghamshire, UK, July 26-27, 2011. The workshop brought together neuroscientists, legal scholars, administrators, and other key stakeholders to discuss current and emerging trends in animal regulations as they apply to the neurosciences. This document summarizes the workshop.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466572603765,"sku":"9780309252089","price":27.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309252089.jpg?v=1785654630"},{"product_id":"the-california-institute-for-regenerative-medicine","title":"The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) was created in 2005 by The California Stem Cell Research and Cures Act (Proposition 71) to distribute $3 billion in state funds for stem cell research. The passage of Proposition 71 by the voters of California occurred at a time when federal funding for research involving human embryonic stem cells was uncertain, given the ethical questions raised by such research. During its initial period of operations, CIRM has successfully and thoughtfully provided more than $1.3 billion in awards to 59 California institutions, consistent with its stated mission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs it transitions to a broadened portfolio of grants to stimulate progress toward its translational goals, the Institute should obtain cohesive, longitudinal, and integrated advice; restructure its grant application review process; and enhance industry epresentation in aspects of its operations. CIRM's unique governance structure, while seful in its initial stages, might diminish its effectiveness moving forward. \u003cem\u003eThe California Institute for Regenerative Medicine: Science, Governance, and the Pursuit of Cures\u003c\/em\u003e recommends specific steps to enhance CIRM's organization and management, as well as its scientific policies and processes, as it transitions to the critical next stages of its research and development program.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466576699765,"sku":"9780309265904","price":35.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309265904.jpg?v=1785654634"},{"product_id":"ensuring-an-effective-public-health-emergency-medical-countermeasures-enterprise","title":"Ensuring an Effective Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. medical countermeasures (MCMs) enterprise is interconnected, complex, and dynamic. It includes public and private entities that develop and manufacture new and existing MCMs, ensure procurement, storage, and distribution of MCMs, and administer, monitor, and evaluate MCMs. The interagency group known as the Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) is the nation's sole coordinating body, responsible for ensuring end-to-end MCM preparedness and response.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eEnsuring an Effective Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise provides recommendations from an expert committee for a re-envisioned PHEMCE. Four priority areas of improvement emerged from committee deliberations: (1) articulating PHEMCE's mission and role and explicating the principles guiding PHEMCE's operating principles and processes, (2) revising PHEMCE operations and processes, (3) collaborating more effectively with external public and private partners, and (4) navigating legal and policy issues.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466582172021,"sku":"9780309271486","price":27.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309271486.jpg?v=1785654640"},{"product_id":"from-molecular-insights-to-patient-stratification-for-neurological-and-psychiatric-disorders","title":"From Molecular Insights to Patient Stratification for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders","description":"\u003cp\u003eWhile significant progress has been seen in fields such as cardiovascular medicine and cancer in improving patient stratification and developing targeted drugs based on genetic findings, progress continues to lag for neuropsychiatric disorders. To address this issue, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a workshop in October 2021.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe workshop brought together government, philanthropic foundations, and disease-focused non--profit organizations to discuss new genetic and neuroscience technologies and explore how they can be used to elucidate disease mechanisms and to advance the development of biomarkers and targeted therapies for people with neurological and psychiatric disorders. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466586366325,"sku":"9780309277556","price":19.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309277556.jpg?v=1785654644"},{"product_id":"crisis-standards-of-care","title":"Crisis Standards of Care","description":"\u003cp\u003eDisasters and public health emergencies can stress health care systems to the breaking point and disrupt delivery of vital medical services. During such crises, hospitals and long-term care facilities may be without power; trained staff, ambulances, medical supplies and beds could be in short supply; and alternate care facilities may need to be used. Planning for these situations is necessary to provide the best possible health care during a crisis and, if needed, equitably allocate scarce resources.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCrisis Standards of Care: A Toolkit for Indicators and Triggers examines indicators and triggers that guide the implementation of crisis standards of care and provides a discussion toolkit to help stakeholders establish indicators and triggers for their own communities. Together, indicators and triggers help guide operational decision making about providing care during public health and medical emergencies and disasters. Indicators and triggers represent the information and actions taken at specific thresholds that guide incident recognition, response, and recovery. This report discusses indicators and triggers for both a slow onset scenario, such as pandemic influenza, and a no-notice scenario, such as an earthquake.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCrisis Standards of Care features discussion toolkits customized to help various stakeholders develop indicators and triggers for their own organizations, agencies, and jurisdictions. The toolkit contains scenarios, key questions, and examples of indicators, triggers, and tactics to help promote discussion. In addition to common elements designed to facilitate integrated planning, the toolkit contains chapters specifically customized for emergency management, public health, emergency medical services, hospital and acute care, and out-of-hospital care.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466593706357,"sku":"9780309285520","price":37.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309285520.jpg?v=1785654651"},{"product_id":"the-global-crisis-of-drug-resistant-tuberculosis-and-leadership-of-china-and-the-brics","title":"The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS","description":"\u003cp\u003eMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs, originally developed and introduced in the 1950 and 1960s. Since 2008, the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation of the Institute of Medicine has hosted or co-hosted six domestic and international workshops addressing the global crisis of drug-resistant TB, with special attention to the BRICS countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS\u003c\/i\u003e is the summary of a workshop convened to address the current status of drug-resistant TB globally and in China. This report considers lessons learned from high burden countries; highlights global challenges to controlling the spread of drug-resistant strains; and discusses innovative strategies to advance and harmonize local and international efforts to prevent and treat drug-resistant TB. Additionally, the report examines the problem of MDR TB and emergent TB strains that are potentially untreatable with drugs available and considers the critical leadership role of the BRICS countries in addressing the threats and opportunities in drug-resistant TB.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466594591093,"sku":"9780309285964","price":36.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309285964.jpg?v=1785654652"},{"product_id":"refining-processes-for-the-co-development-of-genome-based-therapeutics-and-companion-diagnostic-tests","title":"Refining Processes for the Co-Development of Genome-Based Therapeutics and Companion Diagnostic Tests","description":"\u003cp\u003eMany drug developers have examined new strategies for creating efficiencies in their development processes, including the adoption of genomics-based approaches. Genomic data can identify new drug targets for both common and rare diseases, can predict which patients are likely to respond to a specific treatment, and has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of clinical trials by reducing the number of patients that must be enrolled in order to demonstrate safety and efficacy. A key component of the approval of targeted therapeutics is the ability to identify the population of patients who will benefit from treatment, and this has largely hinged on the co-development and co-submission to the FDA of a companion diagnostic test.The co-development process, or the development of the test and drug for the simultaneous submission to FDA, has led to a major alteration in the way that drugs are being developed, with traditionally separate entities—pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies—now working in close collaboration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRefining Processes for the Co-Development of Genome-Based Therapeutics and Companion Diagnostic Tests\u003c\/em\u003e is the summary of a workshop held by the Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health on February 27, 2013 to examine and discuss challenges and potential solutions for the codevelopment of targeted therapeutics and companion molecular tests for the prediction of drug response. Prior to the workshop, key stakeholders, including laboratory and medical professional societies, were individually asked to provide possible solutions to resolve the concerns raised about co-development of companion diagnostic tests and therapies. Workshop speakers were charged with addressing these solutions in their presentations by providing insight on (1) whether the proposed solutions address the problems described, (2) whether there are other solutions to propose, and (3) what steps could be taken to effectively implement the proposed solutions.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466602619253,"sku":"9780309298216","price":27.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309298216.jpg?v=1785654660"},{"product_id":"hearing-health-care-for-adults","title":"Hearing Health Care for Adults","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe loss of hearing - be it gradual or acute, mild or severe, present since birth or acquired in older age - can have significant effects on one's communication abilities, quality of life, social participation, and health. Despite this, many people with hearing loss do not seek or receive hearing health care. The reasons are numerous, complex, and often interconnected. For some, hearing health care is not affordable. For others, the appropriate services are difficult to access, or individuals do not know how or where to access them. Others may not want to deal with the stigma that they and society may associate with needing hearing health care and obtaining that care. Still others do not recognize they need hearing health care, as hearing loss is an invisible health condition that often worsens gradually over time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the United States, an estimated 30 million individuals (12.7 percent of Americans ages 12 years or older) have hearing loss. Globally, hearing loss has been identified as the fifth leading cause of years lived with disability. Successful hearing health care enables individuals with hearing loss to have the freedom to communicate in their environments in ways that are culturally appropriate and that preserve their dignity and function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHearing Health Care for Adults\u003c\/i\u003e focuses on improving the accessibility and affordability of hearing health care for adults of all ages. This study examines the hearing health care system, with a focus on non-surgical technologies and services, and offers recommendations for improving access to, the affordability of, and the quality of hearing health care for adults of all ages.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466629357941,"sku":"9780309439268","price":61.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309439268.jpg?v=1785654687"},{"product_id":"strengthening-the-workforce-to-support-community-living-and-participation-for-older-adults-and-individuals-with-disabilities","title":"Strengthening the Workforce to Support Community Living and Participation for Older Adults and Individuals with Disabilities","description":"\u003cp\u003eAs the demographics of the United States shift toward a population that is made up of an increasing percentage of older adults and people with disabilities, the workforce that supports and enables these individuals is also shifting to meet the demands of this population. For many older adults and people with disabilities, their priorities include maximizing their independence, living in their own homes, and participating in their communities. In order to meet this population's demands, the workforce is adapting by modifying its training, by determining how to coordinate among the range of different professionals who might play a role in supporting any one older adult or individual with disabilities, and by identifying the ways in which technology might be helpful.\u003c\/p\u003e \n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo better understand how the increasing demand for supports and services will affect the nation's workforce, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a public workshop in June 2016, in Washington, DC. Participants aimed to identify how the health care workforce can be strengthened to support both community living and community participation for adults with disabilities and older adults. 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In order to examine the general principles underlying multimodal therapies and to explore challenges, potential barriers, and opportunities for their development, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in June 2016. Participants explored scientific, clinical, regulatory, and reimbursement issues related to multimodal approaches and potential opportunities to enhance clinical outcomes for individuals with nervous system disorders. 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Concern about the poor productivity in neuroscience drug development has gained intensity over the past decade, amplified by a retraction in investment from the pharmaceutical industry. This retreat by industry has been fueled by the high failure rate of compounds in advanced clinical trials for nervous system disorders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn response to the de-emphasis of CNS disorders in therapeutic development relative to other disease areas such as cancer, metabolism, and autoimmunity, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine initiated a series of workshops in 2012 to address the challenges that have slowed drug development for nervous system disorders. Motivated by the notion that advances in genetics and other new technologies are beginning to bring forth new molecular targets and identify new biomarkers, the Academies hosted the third workshop in this series in September 2016. Participants discussed opportunities to accelerate early stages of drug development for nervous system disorders in the absence of animal models that reflect disease and predict efficacy. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Gardners","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57466642071925,"sku":"9780309455138","price":42.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/7193\/3106\/files\/9780309455138.jpg?v=1785654700"},{"product_id":"exploring-medical-and-public-health-preparedness-for-a-nuclear-incident","title":"Exploring Medical and Public Health Preparedness for a Nuclear Incident","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on August 22-23, 2018, in Washington, DC, to explore medical and public health preparedness for a nuclear incident. 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People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. 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